I don't see why your build environment should change, after all, the most you'll be doing is using a few custom build steps for MOC and UIC, and the later only if you use .ui files (typically from QDesigner).

Qt comes with a VS addin that can generate valid VS project files from either nothing, or .pro (QtCreator) files.

You will however have to recompile Qt (or contact Nokia about a commercial license, unless you have one already), as by default it only comes with libraries for GCC. This step isn't difficult however and you can be done in a few hours. You can just throw it into the background, so no need to sit around waiting for it.