Calling external programs via QProcess on Mac OS

[tatoo42]

Hi,

I'm having exactly the same issue, did you manage to figure out?

Thanks

[superpacko]

Well i had a similar problem in Mac. There's a really weird thing regarding enviroments on Mac. Running from Finder is totally diferent than running from console, and so is the excecution of the Apps and the actual exceutable inside MacOS.

The only way to make it work by launching from the .app is to set the paths of the external tools properly. We did a AppleScript that sets all the enviromental variables that we needed, and then calls the exceutable on Contents/MacOs/xxx to run on the background.
Thats really a windows approach adapted to Mac's architecture, as far as i know, mac handles all those things with the plist.info and files like those, inside that Contents/ structure.

Here's the applescript that we made:

tell application "Finder" to get folder of (path to me) as Unicode Text  
set workingDir to POSIX path of result 
do shell script "export PATH=$PATH:" & "workingDir & "/bin/; export DYLD=LIBRARY_PATH=& workingDir & "/bin/; cd " & workingDir & "/bin/MyProgram.app/Contents/MacOS/; ./MyProgram &"

tell application "Finder" to get folder of (path to me) as Unicode Text  
set workingDir to POSIX path of result 
do shell script "export PATH=$PATH:" & "workingDir & "/bin/; export DYLD=LIBRARY_PATH=& workingDir & "/bin/; cd " & workingDir & "/bin/MyProgram.app/Contents/MacOS/; ./MyProgram &"

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1st line --> this finds the absolute path of where u are clicking on finder
2nd line --> saves the path to the workingDir variable
3rd line --> we call a shell script in a huge command (because if u do it in separate ways, it looses the previous), and we add the paths needed for execution, as well a dinamyc libraries, and finally call the executable on the background

If you dont want to run it from Finder, then u can take a simpler approach and create a simple bash script that adds those paths to the enviroment and then executes the .exe inside MacOS

Hope this helps.

[berliner]

I'm pulling this up, because I found another possible way of dealing with that problem. That "solution" would use the ability of app bundles to run binaries that exist witih the bundle.

If my app bundle contains...

./Foo.app/Contents/MacOS/foo
./Foo.app/Contents/MacOS/bar

...then the Foo.app can call the bar executable.

But I want to execute something outside i.e. ghostscript. So I created a symbolic link:
ln -s /usr/local/bin/gs ./Foo.app/Contents/MacOS/gs

Now Foo.app can execute gs without problem. As far as I can rely on /usr/local/bin/ to be the standard location, I can even distribute Foo.app with the symbolic link itside. If not, I would need some kind of installation step that involves creating the symbolic link. The question now is, if that is kind of acceptable as solution?

(and I still don't understand why Apple decided to implement that annoying limitation)

The weird thing is that the problem is almost unknown in Google. Seems as if Mac applications never have to call anything outside the bundle, which is kind of unlikely.

[jefftee]

I use QProcess on the Mac to run ffprobe and ffmpeg successfully. All it took was to ensure that the PATH environmental variable contained the path for ffprobe and ffmpeg. Here's the code I use to prepend the PATH with /opt/local/bin, /usr/local/bin, and $HOME/bin, etc.

QProcessEnvironment env = QProcessEnvironment::systemEnvironment();
QStringList envlist = env.toStringList();
envlist.replaceInStrings(QRegularExpression("^(?i)PATH=(.*)"), "PATH=/opt/local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$HOME/bin:\\1");
QProcess ffprobe;
ffprobe.setEnvironment(envlist);

QProcessEnvironment env = QProcessEnvironment::systemEnvironment();
QStringList envlist = env.toStringList();
envlist.replaceInStrings(QRegularExpression("^(?i)PATH=(.*)"), "PATH=/opt/local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$HOME/bin:\\1");
QProcess ffprobe;
ffprobe.setEnvironment(envlist);

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Hope that helps.

Jeff

[berliner]

Yes, I had that idea. I modify the PATH, I print it to confirm that it really got modifie, but it's still not working.

process.waitForStarted() just returns false and process.error() reports 0.

Did your case really work for an application bundle? It works for me too when I directly start the binary that resides inside the bundle. Thene the program seems to get the regular execution environment. But I want to deliver an application bundle, because it makes it easier to include the Qt libraries.

Meanwhile I created something in between. I used macdeployqt to create the bundle with all dependencies. Then I changed the bundles name and created a symbolic link in the top directory of the bundle that points to the binary under MacOS. The structure is then like this

/Foo.app/Contents/MacOS/foo
/Foo.app/foo -> Contents/MacOS/foo

Now the user can run the program without traversing down the directory structure. But I still don't like it.

[jefftee]

Since you ran macdeployqt against your bundle, it should have copied all of the Qt frameworks into your Foo.app/Contents/Frameworks directory. My guess is that the Qt framework libraries are not able to be located when you try to start the process.

Can you cd to your app bundle as follows and show output from otool?

cd /Applications/Foo.app/Contents/MacOS
otool -L foo

cd /Applications/Foo.app/Contents/MacOS
otool -L foo

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The commands above will show the library dependencies for your foo executable. Additionally, if you'll run the following, it will display the rpath(s) in your executed with the section identified by "LC_RPATH". First command switch was an uppercase "L", the one below is a lowercase "l":

otool -l foo

otool -l foo

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Thanks,

Jeff

[berliner]

Thanks for your efforts. Here is the output from otool.

otool -L

@loader_path/../Frameworks/QtWidgets.framework/Versions/5/QtWidgets (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.1)
@loader_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/Versions/5/QtGui (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.1)
@loader_path/../Frameworks/QtCore.framework/Versions/5/QtCore (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.1)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 56.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)

@loader_path/../Frameworks/QtWidgets.framework/Versions/5/QtWidgets (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.1)
@loader_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/Versions/5/QtGui (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.1)
@loader_path/../Frameworks/QtCore.framework/Versions/5/QtCore (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.1)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 56.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)

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otool -l

(but, actually, there is not LC_RPATH section)

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compatibility version 5.3.0
Load command 14
          cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
      cmdsize 88
         name /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (offset 24)
   time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
      current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 15
          cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
      cmdsize 80
         name /System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (offset 24)
   time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
      current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 16
          cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
      cmdsize 56
         name /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (offset 24)
   time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
      current version 56.0.0
compatibility version 7.0.0
Load command 17
          cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
      cmdsize 56
         name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
   time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
      current version 169.3.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 18
      cmd LC_FUNCTION_STARTS
  cmdsize 16
  dataoff 2236168
 datasize 3944
Load command 19
      cmd LC_DATA_IN_CODE
  cmdsize 16
  dataoff 2240112
 datasize 0

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[jefftee]

I am not entirely sure this will help, but when macdeployqt is run on my system, my binary in the app bundle winds up with the Qt libraries specified as:

@rpath/Sparkle.framework/Versions/A/Sparkle (compatibility version 1.6.0, current version 1.8.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 1265.21.0)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtWidgets.framework/Versions/5/QtWidgets (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/Versions/5/QtGui (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtCore.framework/Versions/5/QtCore (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtConcurrent.framework/Versions/5/QtConcurrent (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtNetwork.framework/Versions/5/QtNetwork (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 120.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 855.17.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 1056.16.0)
/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 228.0.0)

@rpath/Sparkle.framework/Versions/A/Sparkle (compatibility version 1.6.0, current version 1.8.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 1265.21.0)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtWidgets.framework/Versions/5/QtWidgets (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/Versions/5/QtGui (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtCore.framework/Versions/5/QtCore (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtConcurrent.framework/Versions/5/QtConcurrent (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtNetwork.framework/Versions/5/QtNetwork (compatibility version 5.3.0, current version 5.3.2)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 120.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 855.17.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 1056.16.0)
/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 228.0.0)

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Can you try using the following linker flags and see if the behavior works for you?

QMAKE_LFLAGS += -Wl,-install_name,@executable_path/../Frameworks

QMAKE_LFLAGS += -Wl,-install_name,@executable_path/../Frameworks

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Not sure it will help your situation, but I've never used @loader_path, so might be worth a shot...

Regards,

Jeff

[berliner]

I just installed Qt 5.4.0 and rebuilt everything. Now the output after applying macdeployqt is slightly different:

@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtWidgets.framework/Versions/5/QtWidgets (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/Versions/5/QtGui (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtCore.framework/Versions/5/QtCore (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/DiskArbitration.framework/Versions/A/DiskArbitration (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 56.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)

@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtWidgets.framework/Versions/5/QtWidgets (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtGui.framework/Versions/5/QtGui (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
@executable_path/../Frameworks/QtCore.framework/Versions/5/QtCore (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/DiskArbitration.framework/Versions/A/DiskArbitration (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 56.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)

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Now it's also using @executable_path, but when I start the bundle by double-clicking, the program still cannot call external programs. I tried something I didn't before and ran the bundle from the shell with "open Foo.app" and being started like that, the program can do everything. So, it's definitely the execution enviroment. When I use MuCommander to browse the bundle for the binary, that is hidden inside, and run that, then it also opens a shell window and everything is fine.

Somehow I have to find out how to spawn a shell execution environment when running a bundle.

Maybe that article points to the right direction: http://stupidpythonideas.blogspot.de...variables.html

On OS X, Finder.app is a child of your launchd session, which is a child of the root launchd session, which is process 0. There's no shell anywhere. And when you double-click an app, it asks LaunchServices to run the app. So, your app doesn't inherit anything from Finder, and even if it did, Finder hasn't inherited anything from your login shell.

He suggests defining an environment in the plist file with the LSEnvironment key. The question is, what has to be there in order to mimick a shell environment. Can be quite a lot I guess.

[jefftee]

Somehow I have to find out how to spawn a shell execution environment when running a bundle.

A couple of things I forgot to ask up front (and probably should have):

1) Have you tried to start the QProcess with the fully qualified path for latex? i.e. /usr/local/bin/latex (or wherever it is installed)

2) Run otool -L latex to see what external library dependencies latex may have. If unable to load, the start would fail, etc.

3) I don't have latex installed on my mac, but can you confirm it's a binary executable by running "file latex"? Should show as Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64. On the off chance that it's a shell script, I believe you have to run the shell scripts by starting the program "sh" or "bash" (or whatever shell you use) and pass latex as the first parameter to the QProcess start (i.e. "sh latex", etc)

Look forward to your responses, I'm curious to understand why this isn't working because in my usage, I had no problems at all running external processes using QProcess. One difference I do notice is that you seem to be using the start method that takes the program and all arguments as one QString. In my case, use use the overload that takes a QString for the program to start and a QStringList that contains all of the program arguments. I'm using ffmpeg, which takes a lot of arguments, so that's why I chose that overload, but might be worth a try for you to do the same.