If you are using QTreeView, then you are using a QAbstractItemModel (or a class derived from it), right?
Implement the Qt::TextAlignmentRole for the QAbstractItemModel::data() method, and have it return Qt::AlignRight | Qt::AlignVCenter.
Alternatively, if elided text is OK for you, then you could call QAbstractItemView::setTextElideMode() with the value Qt::ElideLeft. That will give you something that looks like "... very long file name" (but not the ability to scroll the text to the beginning).
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