ok i think i have finally found what i needed. Here is what i do now, right after changing the scale of my item in the scene:
pPicture = grphVwOriginalPicture->items().first();
pPicture->scale(.5, .5);
cTopLeft = pPicture->mapToScene(pPicture->boundingRect().topLeft());
cBotRight = pPicture->mapToScene(pPicture->boundingRect().bottomRight());
grphScOriginal->setSceneRect(cTopLeft.x(), cTopLeft.y(), cBotRight.x()-cTopLeft.x(), cBotRight.y()-cTopLeft.y());
pPicture = grphVwOriginalPicture->items().first();
pPicture->scale(.5, .5);
cTopLeft = pPicture->mapToScene(pPicture->boundingRect().topLeft());
cBotRight = pPicture->mapToScene(pPicture->boundingRect().bottomRight());
grphScOriginal->setSceneRect(cTopLeft.x(), cTopLeft.y(), cBotRight.x()-cTopLeft.x(), cBotRight.y()-cTopLeft.y());
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It seems it's sufficient to set up the scene's view rect to the right rect...
Marcel, thanks for all your help, it's because of you i finally understood what the mappedTo / mappedFrom methods do 
Pierrre.
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