Don't go the autoconf route. That way leads to madness! Qmake can handle installation, so use it. You just need to define some install targets in your .pro file.
If you install to the standard locations under a hierarchy, then it will be easy to find stuff. The executable will be under /usr/local/bin, data files and icons under /usr/local/share/appname, and documentation under /usr/local/share/docs/appname. And so on. The tricky part is that the software might have been installed somewhere other than the default /usr/local, but when you know where your executable is, then you know where everything else is. Use QApplication::applicationDirPath() to find out.
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